Indicators of economically valuable traits of hybrids F3–F4) of spring vetch and their correlations. O.N. TELICHKO

Abstract

Indicators of economically valuable traits of hybrids F₃–F₄) of spring vetch and their correlations. O.N. TELICHKO (Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A.K. Chaika, Ussuriysk, Timiryazevsky village).

The article presents the results of studies of 5 hybrid samples of spring vetch of the third and fourth generations carried out in the laboratory of field and grassland forage production of the FSBSI “A.K. Chaika FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East” in 2019–2020. Spring vetch is a feed valuable crop. It is distinguished by its high productivity and nutritional value. The purpose of the work is to determine the indicators of economically valuable traits of hybrid samples of spring vetch and to reveal the correlation dependences between them. A biometric analysis of plants was carried out according to the main quantitative characteristics: plant height, bean length, number of beans per plant. The seed yield per 1m², 1000 seeds weight, and the productivity of one plant were determined. The maximum seed yield from 1m² on average for two years was formed by the hybrid sample Lugovskaya 85 (36371) × No. 53-6 (36464) – 140.63 g/m². Hybrid combinations were noticeably distinguished by seed weight per plant: Lugovskaya 85 (36371) × No. 53-6 (36464), Lugovskaya 85 (36371) × Verkhnekhavskaya (34392), Lugovskaya 85 (36371) × Belorozovaya 109 (36373) – 8.06–12.11 g/plant. The largest-seeded sample is Lugovskaya 85 (36371) × No. 53-6 (36464) – 56.14 g, the excess over the standard is 23–39 %.

The above hybrid samples are of the greatest interest for further breeding. It is necessary to know the parameters of correlations between the traits of economically valuable indicators to optimize the breeding process. The strongest positive correlations are between the number of beans per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.95) and seed yield per 1m² and seed weight per plant (r = 0.78). Therefore, when breeding for a high seed yield, it is important to select plants with the largest number of beans and a high seed weight per plant.